AP PSYCHOLOGY

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LEARNING

HOW WE LEARN AND CLASSICAL CONDITIONING

Question [CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
Marcel sat at a cafe eating the best croissant he had ever tasted. He begins frequenting the café to order the croissants. He hardly notices the jingling of the cash register just before the clerk hands him the croissant. Now every time he hears the same kind of jingling from another cash register, his mouth waters. Marcel’s learning is an example of
A
operant conditioning
B
latent learning
C
observational learning
D
classical conditioning
Explanation: 

Detailed explanation-1: -Learning new skills: Children and adults can learn new skills through observational learning. A child can learn how to paint her nails by watching their mom, or an adult may learn to lift weights by watching others on videos.

Detailed explanation-2: -Thorndike generalized this finding in his law of effect, which states that behaviors followed by satisfying consequences tend to be repeated and those that produce unpleasant consequences are less likely to be repeated. In short, some consequences strengthen behavior and some consequences weaken behavior.

Detailed explanation-3: -After such a temporal pairing has occurred repeatedly, the conditioned stimulus itself produces a response. This learned response is known as the conditioned response (CR) and it can occur even in the absence of the unconditioned stimulus.

Detailed explanation-4: -nurture theory argues that various behaviours in humans are based both on genetics and the environment of an individual. However, it is possible that one variable from the theory may contribute more of an effect on the individual.

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