AP PSYCHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Stimulus generalization is the tendency of a new stimulus to evoke responses or behaviors similar to those elicited by another stimulus. For example, Ivan Pavlov conditioned dogs to salivate using the sound of a bell and food powder.

Detailed explanation-2: -Stimulus generalization might cause your dog to respond by sitting when she hears similar commands, which may make the training process more difficult. In this case, you would want to use stimulus discrimination to train your dog to distinguish between different voice commands.

Detailed explanation-3: -One of the most famous cases of stimulus generalization was the case of Little Albert, in which John Watson trained an infant to fear white rats through classical conditioning, but the infant developed a generalized fear of all things white and furry.

Detailed explanation-4: -In classical fear conditioning, a neutral conditioned stimulus (CS, e.g., tone) is repeatedly paired with an aversive stimulus (UCS, e.g., shock), yielding a CS-UCS association.