AP PSYCHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Classical conditioning refers to learning that occurs when a neutral stimulus (e.g., a tone) becomes associated with a stimulus (e.g., food) that naturally produces a behaviour. After the association is learned, the previously neutral stimulus is sufficient to produce the behaviour.

Detailed explanation-2: -A neutral stimulus is a stimulus that at first elicits no response. Pavlov introduced the ringing of the bell as a neutral stimulus. An unconditioned stimulus is a stimulus that leads to an automatic response. In Pavlov’s experiment, the food was the unconditioned stimulus.

Detailed explanation-3: -Discovered by Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov, classical conditioning is a type of unconscious or automatic learning. This learning process creates a conditioned response through associations between an unconditioned stimulus and a neutral stimulus.

Detailed explanation-4: -Associative learning is the process through which organisms acquire information about relationships between events or entities in their environment. It is expressed as the modification of existing behaviors, or the development of novel behaviors, that reflects the conscious or unconscious recognition of a contingency.