Mariah developed a fear of the water when she fell off a river raft last summer. This year she took swimming lessons and thought she had finally overcome her fear of water. She was eagerly looking forward to an upcoming rafting trip, however, as soon as she stepped onto the raft she was instantly terrified again.

OBSERVATIONAL LEARNING

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Question [CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]

A	Extinction
B	Generalization
C	Spontaneous recovery
D	Observational learning

Explanation:

Detailed explanation-1: -In classical conditioning, a conditioned response is a learned response to a previously neutral stimulus. For example, the smell of food is an unconditioned stimulus, a feeling of hunger in response to the smell is an unconditioned response, and the sound of a whistle when you smell the food is a conditioned stimulus.

Detailed explanation-2: -Operant conditioning is a type of learning in which responses come to be controlled by their consequences.

Detailed explanation-3: -Spontaneous recovery can be defined as the reappearance of the conditioned response after a rest period or period of lessened response. If the conditioned stimulus and unconditioned stimulus are no longer associated, extinction will occur very rapidly after a spontaneous recovery.

Detailed explanation-4: -Acquisition. Acquisition is the initial stage of learning, when a response is first established and gradually strengthened.5 During the acquisition phase of classical conditioning, a neutral stimulus is repeatedly paired with an unconditioned stimulus.

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