AP PSYCHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Vicarious reinforcement occurs when the frequency of certain behaviors increases as a result of observing others rewarded for the same behaviors. Vicarious punishment refers to a decrease in the frequency of certain behaviors as a results of seeing others punished for the same actions.

Detailed explanation-2: -Vicarious reinforcement involves learning through observation of the consequences of actions for other people. When a learner observes someone they identify with and the role model receives reinforcement, the learner is motivated to imitate the behaviour as if they had been reinforced themselves.

Detailed explanation-3: -If you saw that the model was reinforced for her behavior, you will be more motivated to copy her. This is known as vicarious reinforcement. On the other hand, if you observed the model being punished, you would be less motivated to copy her. This is called vicarious punishment.

Detailed explanation-4: -Bandura (1971b) defined vicarious reinforcement as a “change in the behavior of observers as a function of witnessing the consequences accompanying the performance of others” (p. 230).