AP PSYCHOLOGY

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LEARNING

OPERANT CONDITIONING

Question [CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
Danny’s older brothers like to pop balloons near him. The sudden loud noise frightens him. Now, every time Danny sees balloons he becomes fearful. He cries and runs away so that he can avoid the balloons. Danny also cries when he sees beach balls. Elements of operant and classical conditioning may occur in the same situation. In the case of Danny, which one of the following responses is evidence of classical conditioning?
A
running away to avoid balloons
B
showing fear and trembling when balloons are presented
C
being very passive before the conditioning process began
D
being very sad and clinging to adults at the conclusion of the conditioning
Explanation: 

Detailed explanation-1: -Classical conditioning refers to learning that occurs when a neutral stimulus (e.g., a tone) becomes associated with a stimulus (e.g., food) that naturally produces a behaviour. After the association is learned, the previously neutral stimulus is sufficient to produce the behaviour.

Detailed explanation-2: -Associative learning occurs when an organism makes connections between stimuli or events that occur together in the environment. In classical conditioning, the stimulus or experience occurs before the behavior and then gets paired with the behavior.

Detailed explanation-3: -Operant conditioning is a type of associative learning that focuses on consequences that follow a response that we make and whether it makes a behavior more or less likely to occur in the future. Return to our discussion of operant behaviors from Section 6.1. 2.

Detailed explanation-4: -classical conditioning is based on an association between two stimuli, whereas operant conditioning occurs when a behavior is associated with its consequences.

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