AP PSYCHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -If you must reprimand your dog, do not do so by smacking them on the nose. This behavior can make them angry or frightened, and a bite may be forthcoming as a result. It can also make them head-shy, a condition that causes fear of being touched on the head, making it difficult to go to the groomer or vet.

Detailed explanation-2: -Using hitting or spanking as a method of punishment can severely damage the relationship you have with your dog. If you start using force to discipline them, your dog can develop various behavioral issues. Some typical problems that hitting your dog will cause are: Insecurity and fearfulness.

Detailed explanation-3: -So positive punishment means adding something after the dog did a behaviour that makes the frequency of that behaviour go down. For example, if the dog jumps up and you knee them in the chest, and next time you see them the dog does not jump up, you have positively punished the dog jumping.

Detailed explanation-4: -For example, spanking a child when he throws a tantrum is an example of positive punishment. Something is added to the mix (spanking) to discourage a bad behavior (throwing a tantrum). On the other hand, removing restrictions from a child when she follows the rules is an example of negative reinforcement.

Detailed explanation-5: -Positive punishment is when you add a consequence to unwanted behavior. You do this to make it less appealing. An example of positive punishment is adding more chores to the list when your child neglects their responsibilities.