AP PSYCHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -A neutral stimulus is a stimulus that at first elicits no response. Pavlov introduced the ringing of the bell as a neutral stimulus. An unconditioned stimulus is a stimulus that leads to an automatic response. In Pavlov’s experiment, the food was the unconditioned stimulus.

Detailed explanation-2: -In classical conditioning, a person or animal learns to associate a neutral stimulus (the conditioned stimulus, or CS) with a stimulus (the unconditioned stimulus, or US) that naturally produces a behaviour (the unconditioned response, or UR).

Detailed explanation-3: -With repeated presentations of both the neutral stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus, the neutral stimulus will elicit a response as well, known as a conditioned response. Once the neutral stimulus elicits a conditioned response, the neutral stimulus becomes known as a conditioned stimulus.

Detailed explanation-4: -The process by which a previously neutral stimulus acquires the capacity to elicit a response through association with a stimulus that already elicits a similar or related response. The response is termed a reflex or a respondent.

Detailed explanation-5: -Classical conditioning: The process of learning by which a previously neutral stimuli comes to elicit an identical or similar response to one originally elicited by another stimulus as the result of the pairing of the two stimuli.(learning by association)