AP PSYCHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The target behavior is followed by reinforcement or punishment to either strengthen or weaken it, so that the learner is more likely to exhibit the desired behavior in the future. The stimulus occurs immediately before the response. The stimulus (either reinforcement or punishment) occurs soon after the response.

Detailed explanation-2: -In operant behavior, stimuli can be appetitive or aversive. Appetitive stimuli are the ones that you voluntarily approach while aversive stimuli are those you try to avoid or escape. Responses to such stimuli can either be positive or negative reinforcement. In this case positive and negative do not mean good or bad.

Detailed explanation-3: -In operant conditioning, “reinforcement” refers to anything that increases the likelihood that a response will occur. Psychologist B.F. Skinner coined the term in 1937, 2. For example, reinforcement might involve presenting praise (a reinforcer) immediately after a child puts away their toys (the response).

Detailed explanation-4: -Operant Conditioning Reinforcement is delivery of a consequence that increases the likelihood that a response will occur. Positive reinforcement is the presentation of a stimulus after a response. Negative reinforcement is the removal of a stimulus after a response.

Detailed explanation-5: -1 In partial (or intermittent) reinforcement, the response is reinforced only part of the time. Learned behaviors are acquired more slowly with partial reinforcement, but the response is more resistant to extinction. Think of the earlier example in which you were training a dog to shake.