AP PSYCHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -A neutral stimulus is a stimulus that at first elicits no response. Pavlov introduced the ringing of the bell as a neutral stimulus. An unconditioned stimulus is a stimulus that leads to an automatic response. In Pavlov’s experiment, the food was the unconditioned stimulus.

Detailed explanation-2: -In classical conditioning, a neutral stimulus is presented immediately before an unconditioned stimulus. Pavlov would sound a tone (like ringing a bell) and then give the dogs the meat powder ([link]). The tone was the neutral stimulus (NS), which is a stimulus that does not naturally elicit a response.

Detailed explanation-3: -This is known as conditioned stimulus. In Pavlov’s experiment, ringing of the bell is a neutral stimulus. After becoming associated with the unconditioned stimulus like food, it become conditioned.

Detailed explanation-4: -Pavlov showed that dogs could be conditioned to salivate at the sound of a bell if that sound was repeatedly presented at the same time that they were given food. First the dogs were presented with the food, they salivated. The food was the unconditioned stimulus and salivation was an unconditioned (innate) response.

Detailed explanation-5: -A neutral stimulus (NS) is something that does not elicit a response on its own. In Pavlov’s experiment, the neutral stimulus is the ringing of the bell. To condition the dogs to the bell, Pavlov paired the meat powder (UCS) with the bell (NS).