AP PSYCHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Observational Learning Examples for Children An infant learns to make and understand facial expressions. A child learns to chew. After witnessing an older sibling being punished for taking a cookie without asking, the younger child does not take cookies without permission. A child learns to walk.

Detailed explanation-2: -What is a model? A model is the person performing the task being imitated. In the example of a child learning to swear, the model is the parent that said the swear word. The child is using their parent as a model that they observe performing a behavior.

Detailed explanation-3: -Like Anthony, we are more motivated to imitate a behavior when we see a model being rewarded, or reinforced, for their behavior. This concept is called vicarious reinforcement. On the other hand, we are less motivated to imitate a behavior when we see a model being punished. This is called vicarious punishment.

Detailed explanation-4: -Observational learning, also called social learning theory, occurs when an observer’s behavior changes after viewing the behavior of a model. An observer’s behavior can be affected by the positive or negative consequences–called vicarious reinforcement or vicarious punishment–of a model’s behavior. MODEL.