AP PSYCHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Operant conditioning can also be used to decrease a behavior via the removal of a desirable outcome or the application of a negative outcome. For example, a child may be told they will lose recess privileges if they talk out of turn in class. This potential for punishment may lead to a decrease in disruptive behaviors.

Detailed explanation-2: -For example, spanking a child when he throws a tantrum is an example of positive punishment. Something is added to the mix (spanking) to discourage a bad behavior (throwing a tantrum). On the other hand, removing restrictions from a child when she follows the rules is an example of negative reinforcement.

Detailed explanation-3: -Now let’s combine these four terms: positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, positive punishment, and negative punishment (Table 1). Something is added to increase the likelihood of a behavior.

Detailed explanation-4: -Losing privileges, being fined for violating the law, being grounded and losing access to the tablet are all common negative punishment examples.