LEARNING
OPERANT CONDITIONING
Question
[CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
|
|
unconditioned stimulus
|
|
neutral stimulus
|
|
conditioned stimulus
|
|
unconditioned response
|
Detailed explanation-1: -The dogs salivating for food is the unconditioned response in Pavlov’s experiment. A conditioned stimulus is a stimulus that can eventually trigger a conditioned response. In the described experiment, the conditioned stimulus was the ringing of the bell, and the conditioned response was salivation.
Detailed explanation-2: -Bell ringing became a conditioned stimulus (CS) and the salivation induced was a conditioned response (CR). Even without the presence of the unconditioned stimuli, automatic associations allow the conditioned stimulus in Pavlov’s experiment to produce the same response2.
Detailed explanation-3: -Because the bell has become associated with the sight of customers needing assistance, the bell has become a conditioned stimulus. Lunch bell: Students hear the sound of a bell right before they are released for lunch. Eventually, just the sound of the bell alone causes the students to become hungry.
Detailed explanation-4: -Stimulus generalization is the tendency for a conditioned stimulus to evoke similar responses after the response has been conditioned.8 For example, if a dog has been conditioned to salivate at the sound of a bell, the animal may also exhibit the same response to a sound that’s similar to the bell.
Detailed explanation-5: -Watson was able to carry out the process of classical conditioning on Little Albert, since he was able to take a neutral stimulus (white rat) and pair it with the unconditioned stimulus (loud noise) to create the conditioned stimulus (white rat) and conditioned response (fear).