AP PSYCHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -In his experiments, Skinner used shaping, a procedure in which reinforcers, such as food, guide an animal’s natural behavior toward a desired behavior.

Detailed explanation-2: -Shaping is a procedure in which reinforcement is used to guide a response closer and closer to a desired response. A reinforcement schedule is the pattern in which reinforcement is given over time. Reinforcement can be continuous or intermittent.

Detailed explanation-3: -Shaping is the use of reinforcement of successive approximations of a desired behavior. Specifically, when using a shaping technique, each approximate desired behavior that is demonstrated is reinforced, while behaviors that are not approximations of the desired behavior are not reinforced.

Detailed explanation-4: -There are four types of reinforcement: positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, extinction, and punishment. Positive reinforcement is the application of a positive reinforcer.