AP PSYCHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -For example, car manufacturers use the principles of negative reinforcement in their seatbelt systems, which go “beep, beep, beep” until you fasten your seatbelt. The annoying sound stops when you exhibit the desired behavior, increasing the likelihood that you will buckle up in the future.

Detailed explanation-2: -Examples of Negative Reinforcement Giving a pass to the car behind to avoid its honking. Getting up from the bed to avoid the noisy alarm. Taking an antacid before having a spicy meal. Applying sunscreen before heading to the beach to avoid getting sunburned.

Detailed explanation-3: -Negative reinforcement increases the target behavior by taking away something aversive. Negative punishment decreases the target behavior by taking away something preferred. In the following example, a student’s “target behavior” is not paying attention to her teacher, or off-task behavior.

Detailed explanation-4: -A child picks his nose during class (behavior) and the teacher reprimands him (aversive stimulus) in front of his classmates. A child touches a hot stove (behavior) and feels pain (aversive stimulus). A person eats spoiled food (behavior) and gets a bad taste in his/her mouth (aversive stimulus).