AP PSYCHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Many pet parents may not even know what negative reinforcement looks like when training a dog or puppy. Some examples of negative training include physical punishment, yelling, shock collars, use of squirt bottles and leash correction.

Detailed explanation-2: -Using negative punishment. For example, if your dog paws at you to get your attention, if you completely ignore him, or even get up and leave the room, you’ve negatively punished the pawing behav-ior. Pawing causes your dog to lose the chance to get attention from you.

Detailed explanation-3: -In negative punishment, you remove a pleasant stimulus to decrease a behavior. For example, when a child misbehaves, a parent can take away a favorite toy. In this case, a stimulus (the toy) is removed in order to decrease the behavior.

Detailed explanation-4: -In negative reinforcement, removing something aversive increases the likelihood that a behavior will recur. For example, negative reinforcement is used when a trainer teaches a dog to come on command by persistently pulling on the leash and then releasing pressure as soon as the dog takes a step toward the trainer.