AP PSYCHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Conditioning is a type of learned behavior. It involves a response to a stimulus that is different from the natural one. Here, the ringing of school bell is acting as a stimulus here. Students show different types of conditioning to a school bell as per the time.

Detailed explanation-2: -Operant conditioning, on the other hand, is learning that occurs based on the consequences of behaviour and can involve the learning of new actions.

Detailed explanation-3: -A child is scolded (unpleasant event) for ignoring homework (undesirable behavior.) A parent gives a child a time-out (unpleasant consequence) for throwing tantrums (unwanted behavior.) The police gives a driver a ticket (unpleasant stimulus) for speeding (unwanted behavior.)

Detailed explanation-4: -Examples of Negative Reinforcement Giving a pass to the car behind to avoid its honking. Getting up from the bed to avoid the noisy alarm. Taking an antacid before having a spicy meal. Applying sunscreen before heading to the beach to avoid getting sunburned.