AP PSYCHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -In negative punishment, you remove a pleasant stimulus to decrease a behavior. For example, when a child misbehaves, a parent can take away a favorite toy. In this case, a stimulus (the toy) is removed in order to decrease the behavior.

Detailed explanation-2: -Time out is short-hand for “time out from positive reinforcement.” This means that there must be a reinforcer as well as a removal of that reinforcer for a specified time, following misbehavior.

Detailed explanation-3: -In negative punishment (also known as punishment II), a pleasant stimulus is removed (a child is not allowed to watch TV because they have not completed their homework).

Detailed explanation-4: -Negative reinforcement occurs when a certain stimulus (usually an aversive stimulus) is removed after a particular behavior is exhibited. The likelihood of the particular behavior occurring again in the future is increased because of removing/avoiding the negative consequence.

Detailed explanation-5: -The child remains in the instructional setting but is temporarily prevented from engaging in reinforcing activities. Examples include planned ignoring, and removal of reinforcing objects or activities.