AP PSYCHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -In negative punishment, you remove a pleasant stimulus to decrease a behavior. For example, when a child misbehaves, a parent can take away a favorite toy. In this case, a stimulus (the toy) is removed in order to decrease the behavior.

Detailed explanation-2: -Negative punishment (penalty) (also called “punishment by contingent withdrawal") occurs when a behavior (response) is followed by the removal of a stimulus. Example: taking away a child’s toy following an undesired behavior by him/her, which would result in a decrease in the undesirable behavior.

Detailed explanation-3: -Negative punishment is the opposite of positive punishment. It’s when you take something away from the child until the unwanted behavior changes. An easy example of negative punishment is taking away some sort of toy from the child if they are not staying on task or performing the preferred behavior.

Detailed explanation-4: -Negative Reward involves withdrawing a reward, something that is positive, when a person is acting in a negative way. The reward is then reintroduced as soon as the desired behavior resumes. The focus is on the action that the person needs to take in order to reestablish the relationship.

Detailed explanation-5: -Rather than delivering an aversive stimulus (punishment) or a reward (positive reinforcement), negative reinforcement works by taking away something that the individual finds undesirable. This removal reinforces the behavior that proceeds it, making it more likely that the response will occur again in the future.