AP PSYCHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Answer. Maria’s blinking is a response to something-it is her reaction to the flash (blinking protects her eyes from too much light)-but the camera is a stimulus-the thing that Maria reacts to. So we know, it will be a stimulus.

Detailed explanation-2: -In terms of classical conditioning, the air puff can be described as an unconditioned stimulus (US) as it produces an automated reflexive response of blinking the eye, which in terms of classical conditioning, is named as the unconditioned response (UR). Therefore, the correct choice is option c, US; UR.

Detailed explanation-3: -In classical conditioning, the initial period of learning is known as acquisition, when an organism learns to connect a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus.

Detailed explanation-4: -Spontaneous Recovery: the reappearance, after a rest period, of an extinguished conditioned response.

Detailed explanation-5: -When an organism learns to respond differently to various stimuli that are similar, it is called stimulus discrimination. In classical conditioning terms, the organism demonstrates the conditioned response only to the conditioned stimulus.