AP PSYCHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Classical conditioning refers to learning that occurs when a neutral stimulus (e.g., a tone) becomes associated with a stimulus (e.g., food) that naturally produces a behaviour. After the association is learned, the previously neutral stimulus is sufficient to produce the behaviour.

Detailed explanation-2: -Before conditioning is when the unconditioned stimulus and unconditioned response come into play. This is the natural response that wasn’t taught. For instance, food produces salivating, or a stomach virus produces nausea.

Detailed explanation-3: -Before classical conditioning begins, the unconditioned stimulus (US) produces an unconditioned response (UR) in an individual naturally. This is a reflex reaction that doesn’t require training or practice. It is also called the primary reinforcer.

Detailed explanation-4: -Classical conditioning theory states that behaviors are learned by connecting a neutral stimulus with a positive one, such as Pavlov’s dogs hearing a bell (neutral) and expecting food (positive). The learned behavior is called a conditioned response.