AP PSYCHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Classical conditioning requires the existence of an unconditioned stimulus (UCS) that elicits an unconditioned response (UCR), that is, that reliably elicits an unlearned response, in the experimental subject. UCRs (unlearned responses) are also known as reflexes.

Detailed explanation-2: -Which of the following is true about classical conditioning? It pairs one stimulus with another so a relationship is learned.

Detailed explanation-3: -An unconditioned stimulus (UCS or US) can naturally elicit an automatic response without prior conditioning or learning. It is also called the primary reinforcer. The involuntary response, also known as the unconditioned response, is a reflex triggered by the unconditioned stimulus.

Detailed explanation-4: -Again, in Pavlov’s example, sounds were used as a CS, played before presenting the food (i.e., the UCS). Over numerous repetitions, the sounds alone elicited salivation (i.e., the CR). A classic example demonstrating the classical conditioning paradigm is the ‘Little Albert’ experiment conducted by John B. Watson.