AP PSYCHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Water, food, sleep, shelter, sex, and touch, among others, are primary reinforcers. Pleasure is also a primary reinforcer.

Detailed explanation-2: -Primary reinforcers are things that motivate behavior because they satiate an individual’s basic survival needs. Primary reinforcers are distinguished from other types of reinforcers because they have innate biological value. Examples of primary reinforcers include food and water.

Detailed explanation-3: -Unconditioned Reinforcer is also called a primary reinforcer. These are reinforcers that do not need to be learned, such as food, water, oxygen, warmth and sex.

Detailed explanation-4: -The answer is c) a glass of water. This is because water is important, biologically, to the individual since it is biologically needed for survival. A penny, a hundred dollars, and praise are all examples of secondary reinforcers.

Detailed explanation-5: -1. in operant conditioning, the process in which presentation of a stimulus or circumstance following a response increases the future probability of that response, without the need for special experience with the stimulus or circumstance.