AP PSYCHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Detailed Solution. Stimulus refers to an intermediate catalyst that drives the change in behaviour of a person. It aids in behavioural changes. The stimulus can either be positive, which encourages a person to adopt good behaviour or it can be negative stimulus, which reprimands a person to avoid a certain behaviour.

Detailed explanation-2: -Incentive: a positive or negative environment stimulus that motivates behavior.

Detailed explanation-3: -Reinforcements are environmental stimuli that increase behaviors, whereas punishments are stimuli that decrease behaviors.

Detailed explanation-4: -Physiological, social, and cognitive factors can all play a role in what incentives you find motivating.

Detailed explanation-5: -Motivation refers to a need or desire that energizes behavior and directs it towards a goal. Instinct theory failed to explain most human motives yet the underlying assumption that genes predispose species-typical behavior is as strong as ever!