AP PSYCHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Using “Adler’s birth order” definition, we operationalize birth order as having five categories: Only child, first born, second child, middle children at least of three and youngest excluding seconds. The reference category was first born.

Detailed explanation-2: -A researcher named Alfred Adler developed birth order theory in the 20th century. The theory claims that the order in which a child is born shapes their development and personality. Adler also claimed that family, community, and social aspects play a major role in shaping a child’s personality.

Detailed explanation-3: -The birth order is the order in which a child is born. The first child is normally the oldest child that is born into a family. The middle child is can be the second or third child all the way to the last born or the baby of the family.

Detailed explanation-4: -Firstborn. According to the birth order theory, the oldest child holds a highly advantageous position because they are used to being the sole recipient of attention for a period of time–therefore, first children may struggle when needing to share attention once siblings are born.

Detailed explanation-5: -In a family of three for example, the first child born would be the first born, the second child would be the middle born, and the youngest child would be the later born child or the third born. A child’s birth order can also be classified as the child’s age in relation to the other children.