AP PSYCHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -extrinsic reward. A. Explanation: According to drive-reduction theory, we are motivated to behave in ways that reduce arousal (i.e. “drives”) caused by physiological needs. In this example, Karl is motivated to reduce his hunger drive (see page 403 for more).

Detailed explanation-2: -1 ravenous, famishing, starving.

Detailed explanation-3: -which of the following best describe drive reduction theory?-This theory suggests that a lack of water produces motivation to obtain it.

Detailed explanation-4: -One of the biggest problems with Hull’s drive reduction theory is that it does not account for how secondary reinforcers reduce drives. Unlike primary drives such as hunger and thirst, secondary reinforcers do nothing to directly reduce physiological and biological needs.

Detailed explanation-5: -In particular, the study demonstrated that happy and angry expressions were the most recognized emotions, followed by expressions of disgust and neutral expressions, while facial expressions of fear and sadness were significantly less recognized compared to all the other emotions (Mancini et al., 2013).