AP PSYCHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Psychologists have used four perspectives in their efforts to explain motivation. These include an emphasis on instincts, optimum arousal, a hierarchy of motives, and: drive reduction.

Detailed explanation-2: -The four perspectives discussed in this chapter are the instinct/evolutionary, drive-reduction, arousal, and hierarchy of needs perspectives.

Detailed explanation-3: -Optimal arousal theory posits that there is an ideal level of anxiety or stress that leads to peak performance. This level is different for every individual, and can change depending on the task at hand. Too much or too little arousal will lead to suboptimal performance.

Detailed explanation-4: -The arousal theory of motivation suggests that people are driven to perform actions in order to maintain an optimum level of physiological arousal. According to the arousal theory of motivation, each person has a unique arousal level that is right for them.

Detailed explanation-5: -Psychologists define motivation as a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior. Psychologist view motivated behavior from instinct, drive-reduction, arousal theory and Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. The instinct theory (now replaced by the evolutionary perspective) focuses on genetically predisposed behaviors.