AP PSYCHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The correct answer is (A). As the arousal theory suggests, attention and alertness increase up to an optimum level of physiological arousal, when there is a further increase in physiological arousal it interferes with the cognitive tasks that require higher-order thinking, for instance, solving a crossword puzzle.

Detailed explanation-2: -Psychological and Physiological Components of Arousal High activation or arousal is characterized by feelings of energy for pleasurable states (e.g., excitement), or tension for unpleasant states (e.g., fear).

Detailed explanation-3: -It involves activation of the ascending reticular activating system (ARAS) in the brain, which mediates wakefulness, the autonomic nervous system, and the endocrine system, leading to increased heart rate and blood pressure and a condition of sensory alertness, desire, mobility, and readiness to respond.

Detailed explanation-4: -The neurotransmitters in your brain, norepinephrine, serotonin, dopamine, and acetylcholine all play a role in the functioning of the RAS. Higher levels of these neurotransmitters leads to higher states of arousal and attention to different stimuli.

Detailed explanation-5: -Examples of arousal theory include: If our arousal levels drop too low, we might seek stimulation by going out to a nightclub with friends. If our arousal levels become too elevated and we become overstimulated, we might be motivated to select a relaxing activity such as going for a walk or taking a nap.