AP PSYCHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -It seems paradoxical that sated rats should work for stimulation that induces hunger-like state (Wise, 2013). However, electrical stimulation studies indicate that stimulation in the ventral tegmental area and in the lateral hypothalamus can induce both feeding and reward.

Detailed explanation-2: -The LH is generally known as the hunger center, and two of its main functions are the stimulation of feeding behavior and arousal. Electrical stimulation of the LH results in ravenous eating behavior, and animals are extremely motivated to work for a food reward (Stuber and Wise, 2016).

Detailed explanation-3: -Lateral hypothalamic galanin neurons are activated by stress and blunt anxiety-like behavior in mice. Behav Brain Res. 2022 Apr 9; 423:113773.

Detailed explanation-4: -In rats, electrical stimulation in the lateral hypothalamus induces an eating response and a significant increase in the amount of food intake. The target for electrical stimulation in our experiments was derived from one of those experiments in which a large number of rats responded with an increase in food intake.

Detailed explanation-5: -Stimulation of lateral hypothalamic (LH) neurons produces eating in sated animals and increases activity of dopamine neurons. The present study shows that the activation of dopamine neurons failed to induce eating.