AP PSYCHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Within the hypothalamus are nerve cells that, when activated, produce the sensation of hunger. They do so by producing two proteins that cause hunger: neuropeptide Y (NPY) and agouti-related peptide (AGRP). Quite close to these nerve cells is another set of nerves that powerfully inhibit hunger.

Detailed explanation-2: -The lateral hypothalamus is known for regulating metabolism and food intake. This was discovered by studies involving the effect of lesions in the lateral hypothalamus, which leads to reduced food intake and maintenance of the newly achieved reduced weight in obese rats.

Detailed explanation-3: -The three parts of the hypothalamus that regulate food intake are called the ventromedial nuclei, the lateral hypothalamic area, and the arcuate nucleus. The ventromedial nuclei is the satiety center, and when stimulated, it causes the sensation of fullness.

Detailed explanation-4: -Lateral hypothalamic galanin neurons are activated by stress and blunt anxiety-like behavior in mice. Behav Brain Res. 2022 Apr 9; 423:113773.