AP PSYCHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The Duchenne smile is an expression that signals true enjoyment. It occurs when the zygomaticus major muscle lifts the corners of your mouth at the same time the orbicularis oculi muscles lift your cheeks and crinkle your eyes at the corners.

Detailed explanation-2: -The eye-narrowing cluster was associated with mental states related to social discrimination, including hate, suspicion, aggressiveness, and contempt. The eye-widening cluster was associated with mental states related to information sensitivity, including awe, anticipation, cowardice, and interest.

Detailed explanation-3: -The majority of the observers chose feeling states as the message of facial expressions of disgust, fear, sadness, happiness, and surprise, supporting the emotions view. Only the anger display tended to elicit more choices of behavioral intention or action request, partially supporting the behavioral ecology view.

Detailed explanation-4: -Happiness. Facial movements: Muscle around the eyes tightened, “crows feet” wrinkles around the eyes, cheeks raised, lip corners raised diagonally. Despite the friendly connotation, researchers believe our smiles might have a more sinister origin.

Detailed explanation-5: -Specifically, the universality hypothesis proposes that six basic internal human emotions (i.e., happy, surprise, fear, disgust, anger, and sad) are expressed using the same facial movements across all cultures (4–7), supporting universal recognition.