AP PSYCHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Zajonc believed that emotion is independent from cognition. Our own view is that the study of emotion and cognition should be integrated, because the phenomena themselves are integrated (Dewey, 1894; Parrott & Sabini, 1989).

Detailed explanation-2: -Zajonc and LeDoux believed that not all emotional responses involve cognition. Lazarus, Schachter, and Singer believed that memories, expectations, and interpretations always influence our emotional responses.

Detailed explanation-3: -LeDoux also views some emotions as requiring no cognition: some emotions completely bypass contextual interpretation. His research into the neuroscience of emotion has demonstrated the amygdala’s primary role in fear (Cunha, Monfils, & LeDoux, 2010; LeDoux 1996, 2002).

Detailed explanation-4: -Two other prominent views arise from the work of Robert Zajonc and Joseph LeDoux. Zajonc asserted that some emotions occur separately from or prior to our cognitive interpretation of them, such as feeling fear in response to an unexpected loud sound (Zajonc, 1998).