AP PSYCHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -In the 1960s, social psychologist Douglas McGregor developed two contrasting theories that explained how managers’ beliefs about what motivates their people can affect their management style. He labeled these Theory X and Theory Y .

Detailed explanation-2: -Douglas McGregor, through his well-known “Theory X and Theory Y, ” drew a distinction between the assumptions about human motivation which underlie these two approaches, to this effect: Theory X assumes that people dislike work and must be coerced, controlled, and directed toward organizational goals.

Detailed explanation-3: -Theory X explains the importance of heightened supervision, external rewards, and penalties, while Theory Y highlights the motivating role of job satisfaction and encourages workers to approach tasks without direct supervision.

Detailed explanation-4: -The higher-level needs of esteem and self-actualization are ongoing needs that, for most people, are never completely satisfied. As such, it is these higher-level needs through which employees can best be motivated.

Detailed explanation-5: -Theory X works on the idea of punishing people to keep the work going, while under theory Y, promotions, rewards, and recognition play an important part. This keeps employees motivated to work hard towards achieving goals of the organisation.