AP PSYCHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Bandura, Ross and Ross (1961) used a laboratory experiment with a matched participants design. There were three independent variables: Whether the child witnessed an aggressive or a non-aggressive adult model in the first phase of the experiment (a control group was not exposed to an adult model).

Detailed explanation-2: -Bandura identified three kinds of models: live, verbal, and symbolic.

Detailed explanation-3: -– Albert Bandura As the creator of the concept of social learning theory, Bandura proposes five essential steps in order for the learning to take place: observation, attention, retention, reproduction, and motivation.

Detailed explanation-4: -Observational learning is a major component of Bandura’s social learning theory. He also emphasized that four conditions were necessary in any form of observing and modeling behavior: attention, retention, reproduction, and motivation.

Detailed explanation-5: -Bandura hypothesized that the further from reality the model the less influence they would have on the subjects (i.e. the children). So they used clips from cartoons, filmed humans behaving aggressively and also “real life” human models.