AP PSYCHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Functionalists, including psychologists William James and James Rowland Angell, and philosophers George H. Mead, Archibald L. Moore, and John Dewey, stressed the importance of empirical, rational thought over an experimental, trial-and-error philosophy.

Detailed explanation-2: -Functionalism focused on how mental activities helped an organism fit into its environment. Functionalism has a second, more subtle meaning in that functionalists were more interested in the operation of the whole mind rather than of its individual parts, which were the focus of structuralism.

Detailed explanation-3: -Functionalists sought to explain mental processes in a more systematic and accurate manner. Rather than focusing on the elements of consciousness, functionalists focused on the purpose of consciousness and behavior. Functionalism also emphasized individual differences, which had a profound impact on education.

Detailed explanation-4: -Functionalists study how animals and people adapt to their environments, or the function rather than the structure of consciousness. Sir Francis Galton wanted to understand how heredity influences a person’s abilities, character, and behavior.