AP PSYCHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Margaret Floy Washburn was the first woman to earn a doctoral degree in American psychology (1894) and the second woman, after Mary Whiton Calkins, to serve as APA President.

Detailed explanation-2: -Born in 1871, Margaret Floy Washburn was a leading female psychologist in the 20th century. She was the first female psychologist to receive a PhD in Psychology from Cornell University, later becoming the second woman president of the American Psychological Association in 1922.

Detailed explanation-3: -Another major contribution from Washburn was her attempt to link the structuralist and behaviorist traditions. Washburn developed her motor theory, which stated that thought or consciousness could be seen in bodily movements. She believed that consciousness is the result of sensation and motion.

Detailed explanation-4: -Washburn’s motor theory argued that all thought can be traced back to bodily movements. According to her theory, consciousness arises when a motion or a tendency towards movement is partially inhibited by a tendency towards another movement.

Detailed explanation-5: -Unlike some of her contemporaries, who focused primarily on rodents, Washburn examined the behavior of over 100 different animal species. Washburn was interested in learning how mental states could be revealed through visible behaviors, and this led to intensive study of motor development.