PSYCHOLOGYS HISTORY APPROACHES
PSYCHOLOGY AND ITS HISTORY
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Question
[CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
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First woman in America to receive her PhD under Titchener.
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Researched and refuted the variability hypothesis; challenged the innate instinct of motherhood and argued that social roles keep women from achieving.
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First female president of the APA.
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First to test and show that females are not inferior to males. She found that there is no gender differences in emotional functioning and only a small, insignificant, difference in intellect.
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Detailed explanation-1: -Mary Whiton Calkins was the 14th President of APA and the first woman to serve in that office.
Detailed explanation-2: -Margaret Floy Washburn was the first woman to earn a doctoral degree in American psychology (1894) and the second woman, after Mary Whiton Calkins, to serve as APA President. Ironically, Calkins earned her doctorate at Harvard in 1894, but the university trustees refused to grant her the degree.
Detailed explanation-3: -Her Story. Mary Whiton Calkins was among the very first generation of American psychologists. In 1905 she served as the first female President of the American Psychological Association and in 1908 was ranked twelfth on a 1908 list of the top 50 psychologists in the country.
Detailed explanation-4: -Among her major contributions to psychology are the invention of the paired association technique and her work in self-psychology. Calkins believed that the conscious self was the primary focus of psychology.