AP PSYCHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -An extraneous variable is any variable that you’re not investigating that can potentially affect the dependent variable of your research study. A confounding variable is a type of extraneous variable that not only affects the dependent variable, but is also related to the independent variable.

Detailed explanation-2: -A confounding variable, also known as a third variable or a mediator variable, influences both the independent variable and dependent variable.

Detailed explanation-3: -A confounding variable is closely related to both the independent and dependent variables in a study. An independent variable represents the supposed cause, while the dependent variable is the supposed effect. A confounding variable is a third variable that influences both the independent and dependent variables.

Detailed explanation-4: -Confounding variables are those that affect other variables in a way that produces spurious or distorted associations between two variables. They confound the “true” relationship between two variables.

Detailed explanation-5: -Confounding is a distortion of the association between an exposure and an outcome that occurs when the study groups differ with respect to other factors that influence the outcome.