AP PSYCHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Formulating testable hypotheses before conducting research is most directly useful for restraining a thinking error known as: A. random sampling.

Detailed explanation-2: -Examples of the hindsight bias include a person believing they predicted who would win an election or sporting event. Students might assume that they could predict the questions and answers on exams, which can affect how much effort they devote to studying.

Detailed explanation-3: -The hindsight bias refers to people’s tendency to. Exaggerate their ability to have foreseen an outcome. A hypothesis is a. Testable prediction that gives direction to research.

Detailed explanation-4: -Individuals that are overconfident could make dangerous situations. Therefore, confidence may inhibit critical thinking.

Detailed explanation-5: -*Replication-repeating the essence of a research study, usually with different participants in different situations, to see whether the basic finding extends to other participants and circumstances.