AP PSYCHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Therefore, in experiments, a researcher manipulates an independent variable to determine if it causes a change in the dependent variable. As we learned earlier in a descriptive study, variables are not manipulated. They are observed as they naturally occur and then associations between variables are studied.

Detailed explanation-2: -Experimental manipulation describes the process by which researchers purposefully change, alter, or influence the independent variables (IVs), which are also called treatment variables or factors, in an experimental research design.

Detailed explanation-3: -Experiments have two fundamental features. The first is that the researchers manipulate, or systematically vary, the level of the independent variable. The different levels of the independent variable are called conditions.

Detailed explanation-4: -The independent variable is the cause. Its value is independent of other variables in your study. The dependent variable is the effect. Its value depends on changes in the independent variable.