AP PSYCHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The Dunning–Kruger effect is a cognitive bias whereby people with low ability, expertise, or experience regarding a certain type of task or area of knowledge tend to overestimate their ability or knowledge.

Detailed explanation-2: -The overconfidence effect is observed when people’s subjective confidence in their own ability is greater than their objective (actual) performance (Pallier et al., 2002). It is frequently measured by having experimental participants answer general knowledge test questions.

Detailed explanation-3: -The Dunning-Kruger effect effect occurs when a person’s lack of knowledge and skills in a certain area cause them to overestimate their own competence. By contrast, this effect also causes those who excel in a given area to think the task is simple for everyone, and underestimate their relative abilities as well.

Detailed explanation-4: -n. a cognitive bias characterized by an overestimation of one’s actual ability to perform a task successfully, by a belief that one’s performance is better than that of others, or by excessive certainty in the accuracy of one’s beliefs.

Detailed explanation-5: -Timing optimism is another aspect of overconfidence psychology. An example of this is where people overestimate how quickly they can do work and underestimate how long it takes them to get things done. Especially for complicated tasks, business people constantly underestimate how long a project will take to complete.