RESEARCH METHODS THINKING CRITICALLY WITH PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE
CORRELATION AND EXPERIMENTATION
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Question
[CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
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the difference is highly meaningful and important to scientists.
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the results are replicable.
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the scores differed by five points or more.
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it is unlikely that the difference occurred by chance.
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Detailed explanation-1: -Independent measures design, also known as between-groups, is an experimental design where different participants are used in each condition of the independent variable. This means that each condition of the experiment includes a different group of participants.
Detailed explanation-2: -The only method that will establish a cause-and-effect relationship is an experimental research design. A true experiment must feature a control group as one of the experimental groups, along with random sampling from the population and random assignment of the study subjects to the experimental groups.
Detailed explanation-3: -The primary disadvantage of naturalistic observation, however, is that it is not standardized, and so variables cannot be isolated. observation of behavior in an environment that has been shaped by the scientist so as to elicit specific behavior.
Detailed explanation-4: -The first criterion for establishing a causal effect is an empirical (or observed) association (sometimes called a correlation) between the independent and depen-dent variables.