AP PSYCHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Participants will sometimes second-guess what the researcher is after, or change their answers or behaviors in different ways, depending on the experiment or environment [1]. This is called participant bias, or response bias, and it can have a huge impact on research findings.

Detailed explanation-2: -Subject bias, also known as participant bias, is a tendency of participants (subjects) in an experiment to consciously or subconsciously act in a way that they think the experimenter or researcher wants them to act. It often occurs when subjects realize or know the purpose of the study.

Detailed explanation-3: -A double-blind study is one in which neither the participants nor the experimenters know who is receiving a particular treatment. This procedure is utilized to prevent bias in research results. Double-blind studies are particularly useful for preventing bias due to demand characteristics or the placebo effect.

Detailed explanation-4: -Experimental bias can affect any sort of observation, as an experimenter might expect certain results based on previous knowledge, even if such expectation is not part of the hypothesis being tested. However, it is important to note that experimental design must eliminate bias if it is going to be scientifically valid.