AP PSYCHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Whether informed that research has supported the value of cosmetic surgery for boosting self-esteem or informed that the esteem-enhancing value of cosmetic surgery has been refuted by research, most people would consider the findings to be common sense. This best illustrates the power of: the hindsight bias.

Detailed explanation-2: -Alexandra is told that research supports the value of cosmetic surgery for boosting self-esteem. Belinda is told that the esteem-enhancing value of cosmetic surgery has been refuted by research. Both women would consider the findings to be common sense.

Detailed explanation-3: -*Replication-repeating the essence of a research study, usually with different participants in different situations, to see whether the basic finding extends to other participants and circumstances.

Detailed explanation-4: -Which research method do investigators use to exercise maximum control over the factors they are interested in studying? To have control over the factors of the study researchers generally conduct experiments.

Detailed explanation-5: -Limitations of Case Studies Lacking scientific rigour and providing little basis for generalization of results to the wider population. Researchers’ own subjective feeling may influence the case study (researcher bias). Difficult to replicate. Time-consuming and expensive.