AP PSYCHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -While sleep is a “resting” behavior typified by reduced consciousness and response to external stimuli, it is characterized in the laboratory by electroencephalographic (EEG, “brain wave”) signatures with both slow and active properties (Dement and Kleitman, 1957).

Detailed explanation-2: -Typical sleep behaviors include closed eyes, little movement, recumbent posture, and reduced responsiveness to stimulation. The intensity and duration of sleep is increased after a period of sleep loss. Sleep is sometimes described as an unconscious state, but this is inaccurate.

Detailed explanation-3: -From a behavioral stand-point, sleep is a reversible behavioral state of perceptual disengagement from, and unresponsiveness to, the environment (Carskadon & Dement, 2011). Within sleep, two broadly-defined states exist: rapid-eye movement (REM) sleep and non-REM (NREM) sleep.

Detailed explanation-4: -Often seen as ordinary, the particular day or night a species sleeps is also a type of behavioural adaptation.

Detailed explanation-5: -Following birth, sleeping patterns evolve rapidly and become consolidated in early childhood. Parental behaviours at bedtime-especially their response to their child’s nighttime awakenings-play a big part in consolidating their child’s sleep patterns.