AP PSYCHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Correlation means that there is a relationship between two or more variables (such as ice cream consumption and crime), but this relationship does not necessarily imply cause and effect. When two variables are correlated, it simply means that as one variable changes, so does the other.

Detailed explanation-2: -A correlational research design investigates relationships between two variables (or more) without the researcher controlling or manipulating any of them. It’s a non-experimental type of quantitative research.

Detailed explanation-3: -Answer and Explanation: This is false. Correlational research can never prove a cause and effect relationship, it can only speak to relationships between variables.

Detailed explanation-4: -Answer and Explanation: False-correlation can never show causation or “cause and effect". It can only show a relationship, but does not show if or how one variable effects the other.

Detailed explanation-5: -Controlled experiments establish causality, whereas correlational studies only show associations between variables. In an experimental design, you manipulate an independent variable and measure its effect on a dependent variable. Other variables are controlled so they can’t impact the results.