AP PSYCHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Schachter and Singer’s (1962) Two-Factor Theory of Emotion suggests that physiological arousal determines the strength of the emotion, while cognitive appraisal identifies the emotion label. So, in this theory, the “two-factor” represents physiological change and cognitive appraisal change.

Detailed explanation-2: -The Schachter and Singer experiment, published in 1962, is one of the famous and controversial in the history of psychology. Some test subjects were secretly injected with adrenaline, giving them a sudden, unexplained surge of arousal. Subjects experienced this surge differently depending on context.

Detailed explanation-3: -4a In the study by Milgram (obedience), the ‘primary dependent variable’ was voltage. First, the main measure of obedience was through the voltage of shocks delivered. which is a quantitative measurement that offered an objective record of obedience for each participant.

Detailed explanation-4: -For this question, the answer is b) Sample. A sample is a more manageable subset of the population of interest, because studying the whole population would take a significantly long period of time.