RESEARCH METHODS THINKING CRITICALLY WITH PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE
THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD AND DESCRIPTION
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Question
[CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
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undergo the same procedures as an experimental group, but do not experience effects of the independent variable(s).
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are all tired from participating from experiments throughout the day.
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alter their behaviour because of conscious or unconscious cues given to them by the researcher.
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consciously or unconsciously affect the behaviour of the experimenters in the experiment.
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Detailed explanation-1: -The Hawthorne effect refers to a tendency in some individuals to alter their behavior in response to their awareness of being observed. This phenomenon implies that when people become aware that they are subjects in an experiment, the attention they receive from the experimenters may cause them to change their conduct.
Detailed explanation-2: -(i) Experimenter effects refer to an experimental artifact in which participants consciously or unconsciously aim to produce the results to meet what they think of as the expectation of the experimenter [40].
Detailed explanation-3: -The observer-expectancy effect (also called the experimenter-expectancy effect, expectancy bias, observer effect, or experimenter effect) is a form of reactivity in which a researcher’s cognitive bias causes them to subconsciously influence the participants of an experiment.
Detailed explanation-4: -Also known as the observer effect, this refers to the influence that scientists who conduct an experiment have on the performance of participants and the interpretation of the results.
Detailed explanation-5: -Experimental bias can affect any sort of observation, as an experimenter might expect certain results based on previous knowledge, even if such expectation is not part of the hypothesis being tested. However, it is important to note that experimental design must eliminate bias if it is going to be scientifically valid.