RESEARCH METHODS THINKING CRITICALLY WITH PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE
THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD AND DESCRIPTION
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Question
[CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
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minimize harm and obtain inform consent
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avoid deception and obtain informed consent
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minimize physical harm and minimize psychological harm
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avoid deception and minimize use of animals
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Detailed explanation-1: -The four ethical principles in psychological research are beneficence, nonmaleficence, autonomy, and justice. Beneficence means that the researcher is working for the benefit of the person or the field of psychology. Nonmaleficence refers to “do no harm” and making sure to minimize the risks to the participant.
Detailed explanation-2: -Beneficence and non-maleficence Research should be worthwhile and provide value that outweighs any risk or harm. Researchers should aim to maximise the benefit of the research and minimise potential risk of harm to participants and researchers. All potential risk and harm should be mitigated by robust precautions.
Detailed explanation-3: -Two general rules have been formulated as complementary expressions of beneficent actions in this sense: (1) do not harm and (2) maximize possible benefits and minimize possible harms. The Hippocratic maxim “do no harm” has long been a fundamental principle of medical ethics.
Detailed explanation-4: -PRINCIPLE ONE: Minimising the risk of harm. PRINCIPLE TWO: Obtaining informed consent. PRINCIPLE THREE: Protecting anonymity and confidentiality. PRINCIPLE FOUR: Avoiding deceptive practices.