AP PSYCHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -A confounding variable is closely related to both the independent and dependent variables in a study. An independent variable represents the supposed cause, while the dependent variable is the supposed effect. A confounding variable is a third variable that influences both the independent and dependent variables.

Detailed explanation-2: -A confounding variable (confounder) is a factor other than the one being studied that is associated both with the disease (dependent variable) and with the factor being studied (independent variable). A confounding variable may distort or mask the effects of another variable on the disease in question.

Detailed explanation-3: -Revised on November 25, 2022. In research that investigates a potential cause-and-effect relationship, a confounding variable is an unmeasured third variable that influences both the supposed cause and the supposed effect.

Detailed explanation-4: -Extraneous Variable When we conduct experiments there are other variables that can affect our results, if we do not control them. Anything that is not the independent variable that has the potential to affect the results is called an extraneous variable.